关于API

API（Application Programming Interface,应用程序编程接口）是一些预先定义的函数，目的是提供应用程序与开发人员基于某软件或硬件得以访问一组例程的能力，而又无需访问源码，或理解内部工作机制的细节。需要注意的是：API有它的具体用途，我们应该清楚它是干啥的。访问API的时候应该输入什么。访问过API过后应该得到什么。

在开始设计API时，我们应该注意这8点后续的开发计划就围绕着这个进行了。

1.Restful设计原则2.API的命名3.API的安全性4.API返回数据5.图片的处理6.返回的提示信息7.在线API测试文档8.在app启动时，调用一个初始化API获取必要的信息

用laravel开发API

就在我上愁着要不要从零开始学习的时候，找到了这个插件dingo/api那么现在就来安装吧！首先一定是下载的没错在新安装好的laravel的composer.json加入如下内容

然后打开cmd执行

composer update

在config/app.php中的providers里添加

App\Providers\OAuthServiceProvider::class,Dingo\Api\Provider\LaravelServiceProvider::class,LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Storage\FluentStorageServiceProvider::class,LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\OAuth2ServerServiceProvider::class,

在aliases里添加

'Authorizer' => LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Facades\Authorizer::class,

修改app/Http/Kernel.php文件里的内容

protected $middleware = [\LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\OAuthExceptionHandlerMiddleware::class,];protected $routeMiddleware = [  'oauth' => \LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\OAuthMiddleware::class,  'oauth-user' => \LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\OAuthUserOwnerMiddleware::class,  'oauth-client' => \LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\OAuthClientOwnerMiddleware::class,  'check-authorization-params' => \LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\CheckAuthCodeRequestMiddleware::class,  'csrf' => \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,];

然后执行

php artisan vendor:publish

php artisan migrate

在.env文件里添加这些配置

API_STANDARDS_TREE=xAPI_SUBTYPE=restAPI_NAME=RESTAPI_PREFIX=apiAPI_VERSION=v1API_CONDITIONAL_REQUEST=trueAPI_STRICT=falseAPI_DEBUG=trueAPI_DEFAULT_FORMAT=json

修改app\config\oauth2.php文件

'grant_types' => [  'password' => [    'class' => 'League\OAuth2\Server\Grant\PasswordGrant',    'access_token_ttl' => 604800,    'callback' => '\App\Http\Controllers\Auth\PasswordGrantVerifier@verify',  ],],

新建一个服务提供者，在app/Providers下新建OAuthServiceProvider.php文件内容如下

namespace App\Providers; use Dingo\Api\Auth\Auth;use Dingo\Api\Auth\Provider\OAuth2;use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider; class OAuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider{  public function boot()  {    $this->app[Auth::class]->extend('oauth', function ($app) {      $provider = new OAuth2($app['oauth2-server.authorizer']->getChecker());       $provider->setUserResolver(function ($id) {        // Logic to return a user by their ID.      });       $provider->setClientResolver(function ($id) {        // Logic to return a client by their ID.      });       return $provider;    });  }   public function register()  {    //  }}

然后打开routes.php添加相关路由

//Get access_tokenRoute::post('oauth/access_token', function() {   return Response::json(Authorizer::issueAccessToken());}); //Create a test user, you don't need this if you already have.Route::get('/register',function(){  $user = new App\User();   $user->name="tester";   $user->email="test@test.com";   $user->password = \Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash::make("password");   $user->save();});$api = app('Dingo\Api\Routing\Router'); //Show user info via restful service.$api->version('v1', ['namespace' => 'App\Http\Controllers'], function ($api) {  $api->get('users', 'UsersController@index');  $api->get('users/{id}', 'UsersController@show');}); //Just a test with auth check.$api->version('v1', ['middleware' => 'api.auth'] , function ($api) {  $api->get('time', function () {    return ['now' => microtime(), 'date' => date('Y-M-D',time())];  });});

分别创建BaseController.php和UsersController.php内容如下

//BaseControllernamespace App\Http\Controllers; use Dingo\Api\Routing\Helpers;use Illuminate\Routing\Controller; class BaseController extends Controller{  use Helpers;} //UsersControllernamespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\User;use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; class UsersController extends BaseController{   public function index()  {    return User::all();  }   public function show($id)  {    $user = User::findOrFail($id);    // 数组形式    return $this->response->array($user->toArray());  }}

随后在app/Http/Controllers/Auth/下创建PasswordGrantVerifier.php内容如下

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth; class PasswordGrantVerifier{  public function verify($username, $password)  {     $credentials = [      'email'  => $username,      'password' => $password,     ];      if (Auth::once($credentials)) {       return Auth::user()->id;     }      return false;  }}

打开数据库的oauth_client表新增一条client数据

INSERT INTO 'oauth_clients' ('id', 'secret', 'name', 'created_at', 'updated_at') VALUES ('1', '2', 'Main website', '2016–03–13 23:00:00', '0000–00–00 00:00:00');

随后的就是去愉快的测试了，这里要测试的API有

新增一个用户

http://localhost/register

读取所有用户信息

http://localhost/api/users

只返回用户id为4的信息

http://localhost/api/users/4

获取access_token

http://localhost/oauth/access_token

利用token值获得时间，token值正确才能返回正确值

http://localhost/api/time

打开PostMan

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